The three types of memory

Types of Memory

In general, our brains utilize three types of longer-term memory to help us navigate our world: procedural, semantic, and episodic.2

  • Procedural memory

    This is the memory for skills and habits. It allows us to perform tasks such as riding a bike, playing an instrument, or typing on a keyboard, often without conscious thought once the skill is learned.

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  • Semantic memory

    This is the memory for facts, concepts, and general knowledge. It helps us store information like the meaning of words, the capital of a country, or basic math. Semantic memory is what allows us to communicate and understand the world around us.

    Learn more about Semantic memory
  • Episodic memory

    This is the memory for personal experiences and specific events. It allows us to recall moments from our lives, such as a birthday party, a trip to the beach, or what we had for breakfast yesterday. Episodic memory is deeply tied to our sense of self and identity.

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Together, these three types of longer-term memory form the foundation of human cognition. They enable us to learn new skills, retain knowledge, and connect with our personal histories, creating a complete picture of how we experience the world.